Have you ever dreamed of exploring a tropical paradise with a rich history? We have got your back! Let’s take a digital tour of the 20 historical monuments of Sri Lanka: A Journey through Timeless Treasures.
Sri Lanka, a beautiful tear-shaped island country in the Indian Ocean, is a captivating blend of natural beauty, vibrant culture, and ancient heritage. Known for its stunning beaches, lush rainforests, and warm hospitality, Sri Lanka also has a remarkable collection of historical monuments that tell the story of a civilization that thrived for centuries. This island country has to offer a fascinating journey through time, from ancient kingdoms to the colonial era.
Let’s Explore 20 Historical Monuments of Sri Lanka: A Journey Through Timeless Treasures: Through This Blog
Sri Lanka should be on your ‘next to visit’ list if you are someone who wants to go on some amazing treks and witness beautiful heritage sites! Let’s dive into this blog and see what wonders Sri Lanka has to offer!
1. Nine Arch Bridge, Ella
Picture yourself on a train journey where you can see majestic waterfalls, green tea plantations, and great hills as your backdrop. It sounds surreal and like a good time, right? The blue train journey from Kandy to Ella is one of the most magnificent train rides in the world that you will ever experience.
The historical Nine Arch Bridge, situated in Ella, is a testament to engineering genius built in the early 20th century under colonial rule. The nine arches of the bridge, standing gracefully on the beautiful valley bottom, make it a tourist attraction and a classic historical monument.
So, if you are someone who loves nature and a mesmerizing train ride or you get fascinated with historical monuments and amazing architecture, you should most definitely add an almost 6-and-a-half-hour train ride to your itinerary in Sri Lanka.
Pro-tip for you: Book a daytime or sunset train to enhance your experience of the blue train journey!
2. Polonnaruwa Vatadage
The well-preserved Polonnaruwa Vatadage (a typical circular Buddhist structure found in Sri Lanka) was built in the 12th century by Parakramabahu I to provide security to the stupas. Located in the ancient city of ruins, Polonnaruwa, this historical monument is also known as the Quadrangle.
Upon visiting the Polonnaruwa Vatadage, you will witness the brilliant craftwork of ancient times along with detailed traditions depicted on the walls. There is a statue of Lord Buddha in the center, surrounded by the ruins of the pillars, making it an attractive historical monument.
There are a total of ten vatadages in Sri Lanka currently, and this is one of the most famous ones. You should visit this beautiful place during the winter to make the most of your tour.
3. Sigiriya Rock Fortress
Sigiriya, an ancient rock fortress and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the central Matale District of Sri Lanka, was built during the 5th century under the rule of King Kashyapa. A perfect blend of culture and tradition, Sigiriya used to be the capital of Kashyapa.
A beautiful and grand palace was built on the top of a rock, which was later turned into the Buddhist Monastery after the death of the King. While entering the historical monument, first you’ll be greeted by the Lion’s paws on the giant Lion’s gate, and then, after reaching the lion’s platform, you’ll see a mirror wall that has inscriptions graved on it with graffiti.
The Panoramic view is another highlight of this historical monument. Trust me, you are going to feel like the main character of some Dharma Movie while standing on the Lion platform in front of the serene beauty of the landscape and the cool breeze is hitting you slowly.
You’ll be away from the spontaneity of life, soaking in sunshine and enjoying the time. Do visit the Sigiriya Rock Fortress.
4. Temple of Sacred Tooth
One of the most sacred Buddhist temples in the world, the historic temple of the sacred tooth, also known as Sri Dalada Maligawa, is located in the royal palace of the Former kingdom of Kandy. According to the folk tales of Sri Lanka, the left canine tooth of Lord Buddha was sent from India to Sri Lanka after the death of Buddha.
The temple was originally built around 1600 and the sacred tooth is stored in the golden chamber, which has a soothing and welcoming vibe. The Canadian architecture and religious importance of the temple helped it get designated as a historical monument under the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sri Lanka.
Within the temple, daily rituals and puja are carried out while dedicated monks unanimously chant the prayers of Malwatte and Aegirine, three times every day. On Wednesdays, a holy symbolic bath of the Tooth Relic is done in fragrant water and that water is distributed among the visitors known to have healing powers.
Additionally, the arrival of Gautam Buddha’s tooth relic from India to Sri Lanka is celebrated as the annual festival of this historical monument, known as Esala Perahera, during July and August. The festival is celebrated with joy and grandness. One should witness a lively celebration at least once in one’s lifetime.
5. Adam’s Peak
Another notable sacred pilgrimage site in Sri Lanka is Little Adam’s Peak. This historical monument has a lot of religious and cultural significance, as it is visited by people from all the major religions. A foot-shaped hollow known as Sri Pada is at the peak of a pyramid-like mountain. The sacred footprint is believed to be of Lord Buddha by Buddhists, the Hindus as that of Shiva, the Muslims consider it as Adam’s, and the Christians as that of St. Thomas the Apostle.
The trek’s lovers’ attention! This historical monument is not only a sacred pilgrimage but a beautiful trek as well. A 7359-foot tall mountain with 6 trails of around 5000 steps is a trek of 2–4 hours. The final view from the peak of the mountain is going to be worth it.
Do visit this mountain during the sunset and sunrise for the most surreal experience.
6. Galle Fort and Old Town
Do you want to get the feel of Europe while being in Sri Lanka? Don’t worry, the Galle Fort and Old Town, located 120 kilometers away from Colombo, have got you covered. The most stunning example of European architecture can be seen in the form of Galle Fort and the whole old town of Galle.
It is said that the mighty and strong fortifications that were built around the city of Galle were started by the Portuguese and were further developed by Dutch people, resulting in Galle being a cultural world heritage site. The churches, beautiful buildings, famous lighthouses, and aesthetic cafés are some of the things that attract most visitors.
Visit during winter and hire a bike to explore the beautiful historical monument of the old town.
7. Anuradhapura
Let’s explore the majestic ruins of Anuradhapura, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was once Sri Lanka’s capital for over a millennium. This ancient city is a gold mine of historical monuments, offering a glimpse into the island’s glorious past.
The center of Buddhist pilgrimage is a historically and religiously significant city. It has some world-famous historical monuments like Ruwanwelisaya Stupa, Jetavanarama Stupa, and Sri Maha Bodhi Tree, which is believed to have sprouted from the cutting of the original Maha Bodhi tree in India, under which the Lord Buddha has attained the enlightenment.
With cultural ponds, sites, and historical monuments well preserved, Anuradhapura is a must-visit place in Sri Lanka for tourists who are seeking a spiritual and peaceful getaway!
8. Jaffna Fort
Jaffna Fort, Sri Lanka’s second-largest fortress, is a historical monument. Built by the Portuguese in the 17th century and later rebuilt by the Dutch, this star-shaped structure has witnessed centuries of history.
Unfortunately, the civil war took a toll on Jaffna Fort, leaving many buildings in ruins. However, restoration efforts are underway to revive its former glory. Despite the damage, the fort remains a fascinating place to explore.
If you’re intrigued by the stories hidden within the walls of ancient structures, a visit to Jaffna Fort is a must. Discover the fragments of its past, including the Queen’s House and Hangman’s Tower, and imagine the lives of those who once walked its grounds.
9. Hatthi kucchi
Another notable Buddhist temple in Sri Lanka, Hathikuchchi, was built around the 3rd century and is also a historical monument. Located in the North-Western province of Sri Lanka, it was named after a large rock resembling a kneeling elephant there. The translation of Hathikuchchi in English is ‘elephant’s belly’.
According to the locals, it is believed that this is the same place where King Sirisangabo (251–253 AD) offered his head to a peasant. Also, there are more than fifty rock inscriptions that have been identified on the vihara rock and its base.
The temple is still under excavation and there are chances of it being one of the first Buddhist complexes dating back to the time when Buddhism was brought to Sri Lanka.
10. Mahinitale
Another sacred and historical monument of Sri Lanka is Mahinitale Mountain. It is said that this is the place where Buddhism was first introduced to the people of Sri Lanka. The historical monument has numerous religious and architectural monuments, including ancient stupas, temples, caves, and statues. Plus, you can also experience the serene beauty of nature once you reach the peak.
According to the stories of spreading Buddhism, it is said that King Ashoka sent his son Mahinda to promote and spread the teachings of Buddhism.
Mihintale Mountain is the place where Mahinda met King Devanampiyatissa and his people. After the meeting, the king converted to Buddhism, and, subsequently, the whole country accepted Buddhism.
The atmosphere of this monument will provide you with the calmness that you were lacking in your fast-paced life. So, do not forget to visit this beautiful place.
11. Gangaramaya Temple
A vibrant Buddhist temple in Colombo, Gangaramaya Temple is a beautiful blend of Indian, Thai, Sri Lankan, and Chinese architectural styles. Built in the 19th century by Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Nayaka Thera, the sacred temple is more than a religious site.
The exceptionally beautiful temple has Blaire Lake on one side and statues on the other. The main area has a big Buddha statue and a ceiling full of stories about his life. The temple premises have meditation chambers, bright prayer halls, and an old museum, all of which provide a rich cultural experience amidst peaceful surroundings.
This historical monument of Sri Lanka attracts visitors as well as people who want to learn. The Gangaramaya temple is a center of learning too. The Sri Jinaratana Training Institute has 40 training centers and over 7,000 students attend vocational courses daily and do something good in their lives.
The main festival celebrated in the sacred temple is Vesak, with colorful processions and decorations enhancing the temple’s spiritual significance. So, we hope this temple will be able to make its place on your ‘ must visit’ list.
12. Dambulla Cave Temple
The iconic historical monument, Dambulla Cave Temple, is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was first developed during the reign of King Valagambahu (103 BC–77 BC) and then underwent major renovation and expansion with contributions from other kings like King Nissanka Malla in the 12th century.
The Dambulla cave temple consists of five caves built by King Valagamba. While each cave has its own religious importance, the first cave known as ‘Devarajalena Vihara’ is the most famous one. Translating to ”Lord of the Gods temple, it is known for the Sleeping Buddha Statue that is 45 feet in length.
These beautiful and culturally rich caves were built over different periods, indicating the continuously evolving culture of Sri Lanka. In addition, the Dambulla Cave Temple is a part of the ‘Cultural Triangle’ in Sri Lanka, comprising the town of Sigiriya, Dambulla, and the city of Kandy.
13. Buduruvagala Raja Maha Vihara
Famous for its rock carvings, The Buduruvagala Raja Maha Vihara temple is one of the oldest temples situated in Monaragala district, Sri Lanka. The name Buduruwagala translates to “Rock of Buddhist Sculptures.”
One of the most striking historical monuments in Sri Lanka, the temple has seven Buddhist sculptures that belong to the Mahayana school of thought.
Also, it is surrounded by smaller statues, including those of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara and Tara, his spouse. This historical monument is a must-visit on your trip to Sri Lanka.
14. Yapahuwa
Another notable historical monument in Sri Lanka, Yapahuwa, was the site of preservation of the Sacred Tooth Relic of Lord Buddha. Located in Kurunegala District, it also served as the capital city of the country during the 13th century.
The main attraction of this ancient city is the stairway leading to the Temple of the Tooth. It is adorned with detailed stone carvings; among them, the Yapahuwa Lion is the most popular, and it will remind you of the Chinese Lion. At the top of the staircase stands an imposing stone doorway, which opens into the now-empty temple.
Even after so many invasions, the Buddhist Monks still live in the Yapahuwa cave. The historical monument has the remains of Buddhist sculptures and murals. Also, inscriptions have been found in these caves.
Additionally, you can also spot Chinese coins there, which is evidence of the trade relations of the city with China. This historic site has a great insight into the historical past of the city and culture. If you are a history lover, do not miss this site.
15. Belilena
Belilena, a well-known cave among archaeology enthusiasts in Sri Lanka, is another remarkable monument. Evidence related to the prehistoric humans known as Balangoda Man were found at the site. They were dated back to as long as 32,000 years ago.
The historical monument was also declared an Archaeological Reserve by the Archaeological Department of Sri Lanka. Located 8 kilometers away from the town of Kitugala, this site also has evidence of the use of fire as early as 30,000 years ago, along with some old tools and bones of game animals like deer, boars, and more. It’s fascinating, isn’t it?
16. Thiriyaya
Located among the lush landscapes of Sri Lanka, Thiriyaya is an underrated yet captivating historical monument. This ancient site, dating back to the pre-Christian era, offers a glimpse into the island’s rich cultural heritage.
Explore the ruins of the Girihandu Seya, a beautifully preserved circular temple that showcases the architectural brilliance of ancient Sri Lanka. Wander through the serene surroundings, surrounded by ancient structures and lush greenery.
Thiriyaya is a peaceful retreat for those seeking to escape the crowds and immerse themselves in the peaceful environment of Sri Lanka.
17. Abhayagiri
The Abhayagiri Vihara was a part of the ancient Buddhist monastery system in the Sinhalese Kingdom of Anuradhapura. Among the most extensive ruins in the world, it is also regarded as one of the best historical monuments in Sri Lanka. It is one of the oldest pilgrimage sites in Sri Lanka, as the monastery was established around the 2nd century BCE.
Historically, Abhayagiri served as the royal capital as well as the biggest monastic system in the nation. Remains of elaborately carved balustrades and bathing ponds can still be spotted here.
Towards the north of the city, one can even see the Abhayagiri Dagaba, an ancient Stupa that served as the original holder of the Tooth Relic in Sri Lanka. The
18. Kottum Pokuna
Regarded as an architectural wonder, Kottum Pokuna is one of the oldest surviving examples of bathing tanks in the world. The name literally translates to “Two Ponds or Pools,” referring to the two tanks that sit side by side here.
The two pools are believed to have been built by the ancient Sinhalese kings, with their establishment dating back to 600 AD or even earlier. One of the most striking historical monuments to visit in Sri Lanka, the Kuttam Ponds can be witnessed preserved in their original state, even today.
19. Brazen Place
Also known as the Lovamahapaya, the Brazen Palace is a 2,000-year-old palace built by Sri Lankan King Dutugemunu. Now regarded as one of the best historical monuments in Sri Lanka, the palace was initially built to provide shelter for Buddhist monks and had 1000 rooms to house a thousand residents.
Upon visiting there today, you can witness the columned building preserved in its original glory. A 45-foot rice cut boat can be found here as well, which is said to have prepared alms for all 1000 resident monks.
The beauty of this historical monument will make your trip unforgettable!
20. Gal Vihara Buddha Figures, Polonnaruwa
Sri Lanka, a country full of ancient artwork, has another remarkable historical monument, the Gal Vihara Buddha Figures. Situated in Polonnaruwa, they are different from all the other ancient crafts. Gal Vihara Buddha figures are made up of pure granite slabs and are a testament to the artistic brilliance of ancient artists.
The statues are 7 meters long in height, while the posture of Lord Buddha is spread over an area of 14 meters. There are some religious stories attached to the place. This shrine attracts devotees from all around the world and you wouldn’t want to miss this monument on your journey.
The best time to visit this site is in the winter so that you can explore the nearby places as well.
If Odisha is your next destination, check out our blog at https://itihaaskikhoj.in/7-historical-temples-you-must-visit-in-odisha-a-spiritual-and-cultural-journey/
Conclusion
Sri Lanka is an island of diverse cultures and rich heritage and has some of the most beautiful historical monuments in the world. Sri Lanka is a full-package deal for you. It has pilgrimages for devotees, scenic beauty for nature lovers, trekking for those who love adventures, and fort museums for those who want to explore. You will find very interesting and mysterious stories attached to the place. We hope you have found useful information in the article written above.